The fall of the Soviet Union was caused by economic stagnation, political reforms that led to dissent, rising nationalism in the republics, and the strain of the arms race. Each of these factors played a significant role in weakening the Soviet state, leading to its collapse in 1991. Together, they ultimately destabilized the political and social fabric of the USSR.
;
The fall of the Soviet Union was primarily caused by economic stagnation, political reforms that inadvertently fueled dissent, rising nationalism in various republics, and the economic strain from the arms race. These factors combined to weaken the Soviet state's political and social fabric, leading to its eventual collapse. Each cause played a significant role in its decline during the late 20th century. ;