Structured Essay-Type Questions
1. The period from 1885 to 1905 is called the period of the Early Nationalists. In this context, explain the following:
(a) Why is this period called the period of the Early Nationalists?
(b) Demands of the Early Nationalists
(c) Methods of the Early Nationalists
Answer (2)
The period from 1885 to 1905 is known as the Early Nationalists' era due to their organized efforts in advocating for Indian rights and gradual reforms against British rule. Their demands included increased representation, administrative reforms, and political rights, while their methods involved petitions, public meetings, and the formation of the Indian National Congress. These approaches established the foundation for future movements in the quest for Indian independence.
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The period from 1885 to 1905 in India is referred to as the period of the Early Nationalists due to the emergence of a group of leaders and their significant contributions to the country's burgeoning struggle for independence from British rule. During this time, a group known as the Early Nationalists, or Moderates, played an essential role in laying the groundwork for future movements toward independence.
Why is this period called the period of the Early Nationalists? The time between 1885 and 1905 is labeled as the period of the Early Nationalists because it marks the formation and activities of the Indian National Congress (INC), established in 1885. The Early Nationalists were primarily composed of educated middle-class leaders who were instrumental in advocating for greater Indian participation in the governance and administration. Their approach was moderate, focused on dialogue with the British and reforms through constitutional means.
Demands of the Early Nationalists The Early Nationalists put forward several demands aimed at increasing Indian representation and embedding changes in administrative practices, including:
Greater Indian Participation in Governance: They pushed for Indians to be more involved in the administration through jobs and representative governance.
Reforms in the Civil Services: They demanded reforms in the Indian Civil Services to include more Indians in higher administrative positions.
Economic Reforms: They advocated for the reduction of taxes and land revenue and demanded changes to alleviate poverty and famine.
Educational and Civil Rights: They called for improvements in education and more civil liberties.
Methods of the Early Nationalists The Early Nationalists predominantly used peaceful and moderate methods to achieve their goals. These methods included:
Petitions and Memorandums: They submitted formal petitions and memorandums to the British government, expressing their demands and grievances.
Meetings and Sessions: They organized regular meetings, sessions, and conferences to discuss issues and pass resolutions.
Press and Publications: They used newspapers and publications to spread awareness and publicize their demands.
Dialogue and Advocacy: They attempted to effect change through dialogue and cooperation with the British by highlighting the economic and social issues faced by Indians.
Overall, the Early Nationalists were crucial in setting the stage for India's struggle for independence, emphasizing constitutional approaches and awareness that later inspired more radical efforts.
